Interactive studier, check this out (Inspiring)

1.http://www.youtube.com/user/khanacademy
2.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTFEUsudhfs

Water and solubility

1.http://www.4shared.com/document/YhnUm1Zk/C3_31_Water__Solubility.html
2.http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081015194801AANXWRZ


3.The Water Cycle
The Sun supplies rivers, lakes and oceans with energy, allowing the water there to evaporate. The water vapour formed rises into the atmosphere, where is cools and condenses to form droplets which clouds are made of. Eventually the water droplets fall as rain, replenishing the water sources they originally came from. This is the water cycle. Water covers around two thirds of the Earth’s surface, and is absolutely essential to all life.
Solubility
We call the amount of solute which we can dissolve in a certain amount of solvent the solubility of that substance. This is usually measured in grams (of solute) per 100g (of solvent). The most common solvent used is water. Generally speaking, solubility of solid solutes increases with temperature. A saturated solution is a solution in which as much solute as possible has been dissolved. Heating the solution will allow more of the solvent to be dissolved until it becomes saturated again. Of course, this means when the hot saturated solution cools, some of the solute will have to come back – so it crystallises back out of the solution.

How ideas about acids and bases developed

1.PLEASE READ PAGE 230

Titration calculations

1.http://getrevising.co.uk/resources/titration_calculations (if asked username:kres0urce12@gmail.com password:dubaimarina)
2.http://www.4shared.com/document/yrX7TshJ/Using_indicators_and_carrying_.html
3.Calculations Involving Titrations
When talking about concentration, we tend to describe it as the amount of the solute (in terms of moles) dissolved in the solution (in one cubic decimetre), so the units are mol/dm³ so if we know the amount of a substance dissolved in a known amount of solution we can calculate the concentration. For example, imagine we were making a sodium hydroxide solution in water by dissolving exactly 40g of sodium hydroxide to make 1dm³ of solution:

• We know that the mass of one mole of NaOH is the sum of the atomic masses of sodium, oxygen and hydrogen:
  23 + 16 + 1 = 40g
• Because 40g is in the solution, we know that there is exactly one mole of NaOH in the solution
• And we know that the solution is 1dm³, so the concentration is 1 mol/dm³

The worked examples below are more complicated calculations involving titrations:

Titrations

1.http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chemlab/techniques/titration.html
2.http://www.triplescience.org.uk/tripsci/chemistry/effectiveteaching/t4_acidsandbases.aspx
3.http://getrevising.co.uk/resources/titrations1 (if asked username: kres0urce@gmail.com password:dubaimarina)
4.http://www.4shared.com/document/yrX7TshJ/Using_indicators_and_carrying_.html
5.These are the steps to carry out a titration to calculate how much acid is needing to react with an alkaline solution:

1. Measure an already-known volume of the alkali solution into a conical flask using a pipette
2. Add an indicator solution to the alkali in the flask
3. Now put the acidic solution into a burette. This long tube has measurements down the side, and a tap on one end and can accurately measure the amount entering the flask. So record the reading on the burette (i.e. starting volume)
4. Open the tap to release the acid solution. The solution from the burette is released one drop at a time, alongside swirling of the flask to make sure the solutions are mixed
5. Keep repeating Step 4 until the indicator changes colour to let you know the acid and the alkali have completely mixed
6. Record the amount of acid you entered by reading the measurement on the burette

Be sure to repeat the entire process two or three times at least to ensure accuracy.
6.QUIZ: http://getrevising.co.uk/resources/titrations

Strong and weak acids

1. download pptx:  http://www.tes.co.uk/teaching-resource/AQA-C3-2-1-Strong-and-Weak-Acids-Alkalis-6067508/
2.http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/chemistry/acids-and-alkalis
3.EXACTLY WHAT OUR TEACHER WOULD SHOW US :    http://www.4shared.com/document/SUgpvem9/C3_21_Strong__Weak_Acids__Alka.html
4.

C3-1 : Acids and Bases

Proton Donors & Acceptors
When an acid dissolves in water, it forms H⁺ ions. This is a hydrogen atom which has lost an electron – in other words, it is a proton. These produced protons become surrounded by water molecules to keep them in solution – we call it hydrated. Hydrated hydrogen ions are shown with H⁺ (aq). An alkali is a base which dissolves in water, and produces OH^- ions (hydroxide ions).
Because acids act as a source of protons, we call them proton donors. The hydroxide ions from an alkali combine with protons to form water:

OH^- (aq) + H⁺ (aq) → H₂O (l)

And because alkalis behave like this, we call them proton acceptors.

Strength of Acids and Alkalis
The strength of an acid depends on the extent to which it ionises in water. A strong acid or alkali is one which is 100% ionised in water. Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and nitric acid are all strong acids. Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are both strong alkalis. A weak acid or alkali is only partly ionised in water. Ethanoic acid, citric acid and carbonic acid are all weak acids; and ammonia solution is a weak alkali.

We can detect strong and weak acids using their pH. This scale is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

A strong acid, e.g. hydrochloric, will be completely ionised, so the concentration of hydrogen ions is 1 mol/dm³. However, a weak acid, such as citric acid is only partly ionised, so the concentration of hydrogen ions will be much lower than 1 mol/dm³

Finding and creation of new elements

1.  READ THE BOOK pg 220-221
2.  brief  Description       http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_chemical_elements_discoveries
3.http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/07/science/07element.html